Question No.1:
How do you see the Two
Nation Theory of Sir Syed Ahmed Khan, Muhammad Ali Jinnah and Allama Iqbal?
Justify your Answer with at least five points.
Solution:
Sir Syed Ahmed Khan used the
word ‘nation’ for the Muslims. Some
writers criticize that he declared Hindus and Muslims one nation. But as a
matter of fact, he advocated the Hindu-Muslim unity that meant the working
relationship’ between the two nations as once he said: “Hindus and Muslims
should try to be of one mind in matters which affected their progress.” He
favored separate electorate for the Muslims in 1883 saying that the majority
would override the interests of the minority. Syed Ahmed Khan and Two Nation
Theory In a letter to Mr. Shakespeare the divisional commissar of Benars Sir Syed
said: “I am convinced now that Hindus and Muslims could never become one nation
as their religion and way of life was quite distinct from each other.
- Quaid-E-Azam
Allama Iqbal gave it a
philosophical explanation; Quaid-i-Azam translated it into a political reality;
and the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan, by passing Objectives Resolution in
March 1949, gave it legal sanction. It was due to the realization of the
Muslims of South Asia that they are different from the Hindus that they
demanded separate electorates. However, when they realized that their future in
a ‘Democratic India’ dominated by Hindus majority was not safe, they changed
their demand to a separate state. The two-nation theory
The phenomenon of Two-Nation
theory originated with the advent of Islam in the Sub-Continent. People of
south Asia believe that Islam and Hinduism are not only two religious but also
two social orders that have given birth to two distinct cultures with no
similarities We are a nation with our own distinctive culture and civilization,
language and literature, names and nomenclature, sense of values and
proportion, legal laws and moral code, custom and calendar, history and tradition,
aptitudes and ambitions; in short, we have our own
distinctive outlook on life and of life. By all cannons of international law,
we are a nation.
- Allama Iqbal
Allama Iqbal was a great
poet, philosopher and a politician. Iqbal had a sensitive heart and a
deep-thinking inquisitive mind. He was dismayed at the pathetic conditions of
the Muslims in general and of the Indian Muslims in particular. Allama Iqbal
delivered historical address at Allahabad: “The units of Indian society are not
territorial as in the European countries. India is a continent of human groups belonging
to different races speaking different languages and professing different
religions. Their behavior is not at all determined by a common race
consciousness.”
As famous Address to the
Muslim League Session, Allahabad, December 1930
I would
like to see
the Punjab, NWFP,
Sind, Balochistan amalgamated into a single state as a
self-government within the British
empire or without.
This is the
final destiny of the Muslims
of N.W. India.
Question No.2:
What is the impact of
Allahabad Address (1930) presented by Allama Iqbal on the Muslim politics?
Justify your answer with at least five points.
Solution:
As famous Address to the
Muslim League Session, Allahabad, December 1930
In this address, Allama
Iqbal gave the lucid explanation of the inner feeling of the Muslims of India.
He narrated the basic principles of the Islam and loyalties of the Muslims to
their faith. He gave the idea and concept about a separate homeland in this
address because the Muslim were a nation and had a right that they got the
identification and passed their lives in order to the Islamic principles. Due
to these reasons, he expressed his thoughts in this address. There were many
reasons which caused Muslims to think about the separate homeland and compelled
to protect the rights of the Muslim. There was a two branched attack on the
Muslim interests. On the one side, Hindus were creating the restrictions in the
way of the Muslim and hurting the feeling of the Muslim to propose the Nehru report
as the ultimate constitution for India. On the other side, the British
government totally ignored the Muslim’s rights and other facilities were not
being provided to them. They were ignored in every field of life, especially in
education and government. In that critical condition, Allama Muhammad Iqbal
realized that these eccentric problems of the Muslims in North West India
needed to be addressed. In order to solve these problems, Allama Iqbal pointed
a line of action. I would like
to see the Punjab, NWFP,
Sind, Balochistan amalgamated into a single state as a
self-government within the British
empire or without.
This is the final destiny of the Muslims of N.W. India. By 1930, Muslims
had developed a sense of identity and political demands. Iqbal delivered his
Presidential address in this background. Iqbal’s stay
in Europe, 1905-08,
helped to crystallize
his thoughts. He
returned to India
in 1908 and started
work on the
roots of Muslim
decline and the
mechanism to uplift
the Muslims. He reminded them to follow the teachings of
the Holy Prophet (PBUH) practically as the ideal leader. He emphasized on the
ideals, teachings and principles of Islam. He sought salvation through Islam.
He was awarded with many prominent social positions:
Title of Sir was conferred
in 1922
Member Punjab Legislative
Council (1927-1930)
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